TY - JOUR AU - Nowak, Ewa AU - Jadczyszyn, Jan PY - 2020/12/30 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - Factors of the development of organic farming in Poland at the voivodship level JF - Polish Journal of Agronomy JA - pja VL - 43 IS - 43 SE - Artykuły DO - 10.26114/pja.iung.419.2020.43.04 UR - https://redakcjapja.iung.pl/index.php/pja/article/view/100 SP - 43-46 AB - <p><span style="left: 157.571px; top: 469.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.992426);">The purpose of the research based on the data from the </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 487.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.93728);">Report on the state of organic farming in Poland in 2015–2016 </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 505.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.968878);">and environmental conditions, was to determine the impact of </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 523.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.989286);">natural and economic factors and subsidies from EU programs on </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 541.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.988575);">the level of organic production and to better understand the diver</span><span style="left: 479.257px; top: 541.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif;">-</span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 559.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01477);">sity of the spatial structure of organic farming within the system </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 577.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01395);">of provinces (voivodships). Nineteen structural, socio-economic </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 595.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01231);">and financial features, and 3 environmental features that charac</span><span style="left: 479.257px; top: 595.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif;">-</span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 613.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02759);">terize the quality of agricultural production and forms of nature </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 631.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00035);">protection for 16 voivodships, were used as assessment criteria.</span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 649.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01395);">Principal component analysis allowed the basic factors of diver</span><span style="left: 479.257px; top: 649.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif;">-</span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 667.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0084);">sification to be discovered of the set of voivodships contained in </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 685.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00424);">the hidden structure defined by the features adopted for analysis. </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 703.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.974579);">Homogeneous groups – organic farming types by voivodships </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 721.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00034);">were distinguished using the k-means method.</span><span style="left: 118.113px; top: 739.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.963919);">The comparative analysis allowed the connections between </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 757.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.988032);">the structure of organic farming and its place in voivodships to be </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 775.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.947628);">highlighted in connection with support for organic farming, the </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 793.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.99819);">number of producers of organic agricultural products, production </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 811.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00482);">of feed on arable land, production of cereals and vegetables. The </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 829.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.93562);">location of organic farms is related to the occurrence of Natura </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 847.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01072);">2000 areas. The first type includes two voivodships, Zachodnio</span><span style="left: 479.257px; top: 847.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif;">-</span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 865.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.972924);">pomorskie and </span><span style="left: 191.483px; top: 865.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif;">W</span><span style="left: 204.44px; top: 865.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04429);">armińsko-Mazurskie – with the highest level </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 883.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.937613);">of development of organic farming. In the second type, the fol</span><span style="left: 479.257px; top: 883.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif;">-</span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 901.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00645);">lowing voivodships were concentrated: Lubelskie, Łódzkie, Ma</span><span style="left: 479.257px; top: 901.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif;">-</span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 919.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.99095);">zowieckie, Podlaskie and Świętokrzyskie, with a high level of or</span><span style="left: 479.257px; top: 919.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif;">-</span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 937.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.978394);">ganic farming, where farms smaller in area, that focus on fruit and </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 955.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00818);">vegetable production are the predominant type. In the third type, </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 973.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02012);">the following voivodships were located in the region of western </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 991.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.964777);">Poland: Pomorskie and Wielkopolskie with a medium level of </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 1009.48px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.999687);">organic farming and very diverse in characteristics, including the </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 1027.48px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.953334);">largest and smaller </span><span style="left: 216.489px; top: 1027.48px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.957549);">organic farms </span><span style="left: 306.336px; top: 1027.48px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.928947);">with a low level of fruit and </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 1045.48px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02153);">vegetable production. The fourth type includes the Małopolskie </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 1063.48px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00699);">and Podkarpackie voivodships with a very small farm area and a </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 1081.48px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00636);">small number of producers. In the fifth type with the least devel<span style="left: 507.874px; top: 469.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01001);">oped organic farming with a small number of producers and low </span><span style="left: 507.874px; top: 487.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01067);">fruit and vegetable production, three voivodships focused on the </span><span style="left: 507.874px; top: 505.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0003);">average farm area: Śląskie, Opolskie and Kujawsko-Pomorskie.</span></span></p> ER -