TY - JOUR AU - Aleksandrowicz, Edyta PY - 2020/12/30 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Factors influencing the occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in the grain of winter wheat JF - Polish Journal of Agronomy JA - pja VL - 43 IS - 43 SE - Artykuły DO - 10.26114/pja.iung.437.2020.43.10 UR - https://redakcjapja.iung.pl/index.php/pja/article/view/107 SP - 103-112 AB - <p><span style="left: 158.615px; top: 469.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01307);">Fusarium mycotoxins are secondary metabolites, bio</span><span style="left: 479.257px; top: 469.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif;">-</span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 487.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01025);">synthesized by filamentous fungi of the genus </span><span style="left: 377.406px; top: 487.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.026);">Fusarium, </span><span style="left: 443.844px; top: 487.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00023);">which, </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 505.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01995);">due to their diverse toxicity and difficulty in their removal from </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 523.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04089);">food and animal feeds, are the subject of research by scientists </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 541.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.985013);">around the world. The most important mycotoxins found in wheat </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 559.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00645);">are: deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and the T-2 and </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 577.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.990827);">HT-2 toxins. Bearing consumer safety in mind, the levels of these </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 595.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01761);">substances in grain, food and animal feeds are regulated by law. </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 613.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.994675);">In order to meet the health safety requirements imposed on grain, </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 631.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00291);">it is important to minimise the risk of fungal infection at individ</span><span style="left: 479.257px; top: 631.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif;">-</span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 649.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.999814);">ual production stages. Weather conditions are the most important </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 667.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0383);">factor influencing the development of fungi and the accumula</span><span style="left: 479.257px; top: 667.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif;">-</span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 685.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04389);">tion of mycotoxins in grain. High temperature, combined with </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 703.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01831);">rainfall, are factors favouring the spread of fungal spores. Apart </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 721.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02811);">from weather conditions, individual elements of the production </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 739.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00355);">technology, such as appropriate variety selection, soil cultivation </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 757.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01393);">method, preceding crop, use of fungicides, and fertilization may </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 775.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02687);">reduce the quantity of mycotoxins in grain. In the conditions of </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 793.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.982591);">the emerging climatic changes, favouring the development of fun</span><span style="left: 479.257px; top: 793.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif;">-</span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 811.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0119);">gal diseases, creating wheat varieties resistant to fungal diseases </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 829.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00634);">is a considerable challenge. Acquiring more in-depth knowledge </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 847.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03851);">on the relationship between the phenotypic features of a wheat </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 865.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00719);">variety and mycotoxin content would be helpful. This work is of </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 883.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01901);">review character and aims to indicate the basic factors influenc</span><span style="left: 479.257px; top: 883.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif;">-</span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 901.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.993382);">ing the production of fusarium mycotoxins in winter wheat grain. </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 919.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02721);">The focus was placed on factors independent of human activity </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 937.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04292);">(weather conditions) and on individual elements of cultivation </span><span style="left: 94.4882px; top: 955.475px; font-size: 15px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00005);">technology.</span></p> ER -